The recent trend in EU foreign direct investment and intra-EU-nvestment

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Ações voluntárias que impactaram a história da computação

Este trabalho faz uma análise das ações voluntárias que contribuíram com grande relevância para a história da computação. Abordaremos também atividades científicas contemporâneas no âmbito da América Latina. Será feito um esmerado exame sobre os principais materiais de estudo sobre a pauta em questão, tais como o livro “Estrelas além do tempo” que conta a história das matemáticas negras que levaram o homem para a lua durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e “The Enigma” uma obra biográfica escrita por Andrew Hodges que conta a história do matemático, lógico e pioneiro da ciência da computação Alan Turing, também artigos científicos, vídeos do site ted.com e do canal “Nerdologia”. No âmbito da América Latina foi abordada a computação na área de fusão nuclear e o processo histórico que envolve. Será esquadrinhada a seriedade da tecnologia em todos seus aspectos, os impactos positivos e negativos dos avanços tecnológicos, suas influências sobre a sociedade nos dias atuais, começando por aquele empregado na disputa entre as nações, onde será visto por meio da própria história da computação que o alto investimento em tecnologia era quase sempre destinado para fins de guerra e poder, coisa que até hoje prevalece. Em especial, o artigo destaca o trabalho positivo das academias para ensino e conscientização do uso da tecnologia de forma sustentável e inclusiva, com ênfase nas contribuições científicas e voluntárias da América Latina, onde serão destacadas figuras públicas e do anonimato que fizeram e fazem história, assim contribuindo, além da informação técnica e científica, para a formação de cidadãos com visão cada vez mais humanizada.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Twisted Superspace for N=D=2 Super BF and Yang-Mills with Dirac-K\"ahler Fermion Mechanism

We propose a twisted D=N=2 superspace formalism. The relation between the twisted super charges including the BRST charge, vector and pseudo scalar super charges and the N=2 spinor super charges is established. We claim that this relation is essentially related with the Dirac-K\"ahler fermion mechanism. We show that a fermionic bilinear form of twisted N=2 chiral and anti-chiral superfields is equivalent to the quantized version of BF theory with the Landau type gauge fixing while a bosonic bilinear form leads to the N=2 Wess-Zumino action. We then construct a Yang-Mills action described by the twisted N=2 chiral and vector superfields, and show that the action is equivalent to the twisted version of the D=N=2 super Yang-Mills action, previously obtained from the quantized generalized topological Yang-Mills action with instanton gauge fixing.Comment: 36 page

Dusty ERO Search behind Two Massive Clusters

We performed deep K'-band imaging observations of 2 massive clusters, MS 0451.6-0305 at z = 0.55 and MS 0440.5+0204 at z = 0.19, for searching counterparts of the faint sub-mm sources behind these clusters, which would provide one of the deepest extremely red object(ERO) samples. Comparing our near-infrared images with optical images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and by the Subaru Telescope, we identified 13 EROs in these fields. The sky distributions of EROs are consistent with the previous results, that there is a sign of strong clustering among detected EROs. Also, the surface density with corrected lensing amplification factors in both clusters are in good agreement with that derived from previous surveys. We found 7 EROs and 3 additional very red objects in a small area (\sim 0.6 arcmin^2) of the MS 0451.6-0305 field around an extended SCUBA source. Many of their optical and near-infrared colors are consistent with dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshifts(z \sim 1.0-4.0), and they may be constituting a cluster of dusty starburst galaxies and/or lensed star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Their red J-K' colors and faint optical magnitudes suggest they are relatively old massive stellar systems with ages(>300 Mega years) suffering from dust obscuration. We also found a surface-density enhancement of EROs around the SCUBA source in the MS 0440.5+0204 field.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, Latex(using pasj00.cls). To be published in PASJ vol 55, No. 4(Aug 2003

Superwind-Driven Intense H_2 Emission in NGC 6240

We have performed a long-slit K band spectroscopic observation of the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240. The peak position of the H_2 v=1-0 S(1) emission in the slit is located ~0.3" - 0.4" north of the southern nucleus. It is almost the midpoint between the southern nucleus and the peak position of the ^12CO J=1-0 emission. Based on the line-ratio analyses, we suggest the excitation mechanism of H_2 is pure thermal at most positions. In the southern region we find the following three velocity components in the H_2 emission: the blueshifted shell component (~-250 km s^-1 with respect to V_sys) which is recognized as a distinct C-shape distortion in the velocity field around the southern nucleus, the high-velocity blueshifted ``wing'' component (~-1000 km s^-1 with respect to V_sys), and the component indicating possible line splitting of ~500 km s^-1. The latter two components are extended to the south from the southern nucleus. We show that the kinematic properties of these three components can be reproduced by expanding motion of a shell-like structure around the southern nucleus. The offset peak position of the H_2 emission can be understood if we assume that the shell expanding to the north interacts with the extragalactic molecular gas. At the interface between the shell and the molecular gas concentration the cloud-crushing mechanism proposed by Cowie et al. (1981) may work efficiently, and the intense H_2 emission is thus expected there. All these findings lead us to propose a model that the most H_2 emission is attributed to the shock excitation driven by the superwind activity of the southern nucleus.Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Message Modification for Step 21-23 on SHA-0

In CRYPTO 2005, Xiaoyun Wang, Hongbo Yu and Yiqun Lisa Yin proposed an efficient collision attack on SHA-0. Collision messages are found with complexity $2^{39}$ SHA-0 operations by using their method. Collision messages can be obtained when a message satisfying all sufficient conditions is found. In their paper, they proposed message modifications that can satisfy all sufficient conditions of step 1-20. However, they didn\u27t propose message modifications for sufficient conditions after step 21. In this paper, we propose message modifications for sufficient conditions of step 21-23. By using our message modifications, collision messages are found with complexity $2^{36}$ SHA-0 operations

Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Following Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-resistant Depressed Patients

Abstract Objectives: To determine whether serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are associated with response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treatment-resistant depressed patients with a relatively longer period of measurement. Methods: This study included 30 Japanese unipolar depressed patients with current major depressive episode. Montgomery-Äsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score was ≥21 in all subjects. ECT was performed twice a week for a total of 4-10 sessions. Serum BDNF levels were measured before ECT (T0), the day after the last ECT session (T1), and 1 month after the last ECT session (T2). Patient response to treatment was defined as a ≥50% decrease compared with the pretreatment total MADRS score. Results: Serum BDNF levels showed no significant variation among the patients during the entire study period. In responders, serum BDNF levels showed a progressive increase, and the differences between T0 and T1 and between T0 and T2 were significant (p=0.022 and p=0.007, respectively). In non-responders, serum BDNF levels showed a progressive decrease, and the difference between T0 and T2 was significant (p=0.012). No significant association was identified between change in serum BDNF level and change in total MADRS score in any of the patients following ECT. Conclusions: The present results showed that serum BDNF levels after ECT increased progressively in responders, but not in non-responders. Our results provide important information for understanding the exact role of BDNF in the antidepressive effects of ECT

A Shock-Induced Pair of Superbubbles in the High-Redshift Powerful Radio Galaxy MRC 0406-244

We present new optical spectroscopy of the high-redshift powerful radio galaxy MRC 0406$-$244 at redshift of 2.429. We find that the two extensions toward NW and SE probed in the rest-frame ultraviolet image are heated mainly by the nonthermal continuum of the active galactic nucleus. However, each extension shows a shell-like morphology, suggesting that they are a pair of superbubbles induced by the superwind activity rather than by the interaction between the radio jet and the ambient gas clouds. If this is the case, the intense starburst responsible for the formation of superbubbles could occur $\sim 1 \times 10^9$ yr ago. On the other hand, the age of the radio jets may be of the order of $\sim 10^6$ yr, being much shorter than the starburst age. Therefore, the two events, i.e., the starburst and the radio-jet activities, are independent phenomena. However, their directions of the expanding motions could be governed by the rotational motion of the gaseous component in the host galaxy. This idea appears to explain the alignment effect of MRC 0406$-$244.Comment: 4 pages (emulateapj.sty), Fig. 1 (jpeg) + Fig.2 (eps). Accepted for publications in ApJ (Letters